What is Kawasaki disease?
Causes and Risk Factors
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The exact cause of Kawasaki Disease is still unknown, but researchers believe it may involve an abnormal immune response to infections in genetically predisposed children.
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Other key points:
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KD affects children of all racial and ethnic backgrounds
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It is slightly more common in boys than girls
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Seasonal patterns show higher incidence in winter and early spring
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There is no evidence linking Kawasaki Disease to autism or long-term seizure disorders, though a very small number of children may experience seizures during the acute phase due to high fever.
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Diagnosis and Treatment
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Diagnosing KD relies on a careful physical exam, symptom history, and sometimes blood tests or heart imaging. There is no single test for KD, which makes awareness and early recognition crucial.
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Treatment typically includes:
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Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG): reduces inflammation and lowers the risk of coronary artery complications
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Aspirin therapy: to reduce inflammation and prevent blood clots
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Timely treatment is highly effective, and most children recover fully without long-term heart problems. Doctors continue to study the long-term outcomes for children who do not show coronary involvement.
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Why Early Awareness Matters
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Early recognition and treatment of Kawasaki Disease can save lives and protect children’s hearts. Families and caregivers should know the warning signs and symptoms, and seek medical attention immediately if KD is suspected.
The Kawasaki Kids Foundation is committed to raising awareness, providing education, and supporting families affected by Kawasaki Disease. Together, we ensure that no child faces this journey alone.
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A Rare but Serious Condition Affecting Children’s Hearts
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Kawasaki Disease (KD) is a serious illness that causes inflammation of blood vessels throughout the body, primarily affecting young children and infants. It is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children. While about 80% of cases occur in children under five, older children and teenagers can also be affected, though this is uncommon. KD is more common in boys than girls and is most often diagnosed in the winter and early spring. Importantly, Kawasaki Disease is not contagious.
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Who Is at Risk?
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Although Kawasaki Disease is more prevalent in children of Asian and Pacific Island descent, it can affect children of all races and ethnicities. In the United States, it is estimated that more than 4,200 children are diagnosed each year.
Without treatment, about 25% of children develop serious heart complications, making early recognition and care critical.
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Symptoms of Kawasaki Disease
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KD can be challenging to diagnose because symptoms may appear gradually.
Common signs include:
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Persistent high fever lasting five days or more
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Red, bloodshot eyes without discharge
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Red, cracked lips and a “strawberry” tongue
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Swelling and redness in hands and feet, sometimes followed by peeling skin
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Rash, often on the trunk or genital area
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Swollen lymph nodes, particularly in the neck
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Recognizing these symptoms early allows doctors to provide timely treatment and prevent heart complications.​
